Lightning is a discharge phenomenon that occurs between thunderstorm clouds or between clouds and the ground. What we are familiar with is that lightning can cause damage to buildings or people, while electrical and electronic equipmentSometimes equipment can also be damaged due to lightning, especially in recent years, with the low power consumption and large-scale integration of electronic devices, the electromagnetic damage caused by lightning has become more severeThe rate continues to rise. We refer to direct lightning strikes causing damage to buildings or personnel as direct lightning strikes, and electromagnetic damage to equipment caused by lightning as induced lightning strikesDamaged.

In order to prevent various damages caused by the above two phenomena, we need to take various types of protective measures, as described in the national standard GB 50343 (as shown in Figure 1),The protection shown in Figure 1 is a building containing comprehensive electronic information equipment, such as building objects, power supply, information equipment, etc. (as shown in Figure 1). It can be seen that lightning protection is notA single task, but a systematic engineering.

Figure 1: Comprehensive lightning protection system;

For direct lightning protection, we usually use lightning arresters and down conductors (such as lightning rods, lightning nets, lightning wires, lightning strips, etc.) to connect lightning strikes and introduce them into the ground, in order to protect buildings (which can be outdoor objects such as buildings, equipment, and mobile objects) from being damaged by lightning strikes. However, when lightning is triggered, it will form a strong magnetic field in a certain space (Figure 2), and its strength and range depend on the size of the lightning energy received. The formed magnetic field will couple into electrical circuits and electronic devices in various forms, forming a pulse voltage wave. However, the voltage borne by various electronic devices is different, and this pulse voltage will cause varying degrees of damage to electrical and electronic devices, ranging from equipment damage to personnel injury and other incidents. So when using lightning arresters for lightning protection, we still need to do more work to implement other protective measures, such as installing lightning rods, shielding, equipotential connections, reasonable wiring, and most importantly, installing surge protectors.

Figure 2: Lightning Induction